Chapter 3: Programs and Exposure Control Plans¶

Part 3: Equipment and Operations Programs¶

3.11 Mobile Equipment Program¶

3.11.1 Purpose and Scope¶

This program establishes requirements for safe operation of powered mobile equipment.

Applies to: Forklifts (counterbalance, reach trucks), telehandlers, scissor lifts, boom lifts, personnel lifts and work platforms.

3.11.2 Regulatory Requirements¶

WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 16 (Mobile Equipment)
WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 11 (Fall Protection - aerial platforms)
CSA B335 (Lift Trucks)
CSA B354.2 (Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms)
CSA B354.7 (Operator Training for Aerial Work Platforms)

3.11.3 Roles and Responsibilities¶

Management: Ensure operators certified before use, provide appropriate equipment, ensure maintenance and inspections completed, maintain records.

Supervisors: Verify operator certification, conduct site-specific orientation, ensure pre-use inspections completed, monitor operations, remove defective equipment immediately.

Operators: Possess valid certification, complete pre-use inspection before each shift, operate within rated capacity and manufacturer specifications, report defects immediately, maintain three-point contact, never allow unauthorized persons to operate or ride.

Maintenance Personnel: Perform scheduled maintenance per manufacturer, document all work, test after repair, tag defective equipment "OUT OF SERVICE."

3.11.4 Operator Certification and Training¶

Equipment Type	Certification	Min Age	Re-certification
Forklifts/Telehandlers	Valid forklift certification (equipment class specific)	18	Every 3 years OR after incident/unsafe operation
MEWPs (Scissor/Boom)	CSA B354.7 Aerial Work Platform training	18	Annually

Training Content: Equipment controls, stability/capacity limits, pre-use inspection, safe practices (speed, turns, slopes), fall protection (aerial platforms), emergency procedures, site hazards.

Site-Specific Orientation: Before operating on new site - review hazards (overhead obstructions, slopes, soft ground, traffic), client requirements, emergency contacts.

3.11.5 Equipment Selection and Capacity¶

Select based on: Load weight/dimensions, lift height, work area conditions (indoor/outdoor, floor surface, space), environmental conditions, clearances.

Capacity Ratings: Never exceed manufacturer's rated capacity (load chart or data plate) - Forklifts/Telehandlers: Capacity decreases with lift height and load center distance - Scissor Lifts: Platform capacity includes workers + tools + materials (typically 500-750 lbs) - Boom Lifts: Capacity varies with extension and angle - Load Center (Forklifts): Typically 24" (600mm) from fork face. Load farther = reduced capacity (use load chart).

3.11.6 Pre-Use Inspection¶

Daily inspection required before first use each shift.

Forklift/Telehandler: Tires (inflation, wear), forks (no cracks/bends, secure), hydraulics (fluid level, leaks), controls (all functions), safety devices (seatbelt, overhead guard, backrest), lights/alarms (backup alarm, warning lights), fuel/battery (adequate for shift), general condition (no damage, loose parts, leaks).

Scissor/Boom Lift: Platform (guardrails intact, gate closes, no damage), controls (all functions, emergency stop/lowering), tires (inflation, damage), hydraulics (fluid, no leaks), safety devices (tilt alarm, horn, emergency lowering), battery/fuel (adequate), anchor points (fall protection secure), outriggers/stabilizers (functional).

Document: Use logbook or checklist, note defects, sign and date.

Defects Found: Tag "OUT OF SERVICE," do not operate until repaired, report to supervisor, remove keys/disable.

3.11.7 Safe Operating Practices¶

Before Operating: Complete inspection, adjust seat/mirrors/controls, fasten seatbelt, ensure area clear, check overhead clearances, verify ground conditions (level, firm).

While Operating: Safe speed for conditions, maintain clear view (travel in reverse with spotter if load blocks view), use horn at blind corners/doorways/intersections, keep forks/platform lowered when traveling (max 6" for forklifts), no riders, stay 4 feet from edges, yield to pedestrians, never drive under elevated loads, do not exceed capacity.

Slopes: Check manufacturer max slope rating. Loaded forklifts: travel with load uphill. Unloaded forklifts: travel in reverse downhill. Telehandlers: keep boom retracted/lowered on slopes. MEWPs: check limits (typically max 4-5 degrees).

Overhead Power Lines - Minimum Clearance: - ≤750V: 3 meters (10 feet) - >750V: 5 meters (16 feet) minimum

Parking: Level ground, lower forks/platform fully, apply parking brake, turn off engine, remove key.

3.11.8 Forklift and Telehandler Specific Requirements¶

Load Handling: Inspect load, position forks fully under load, tilt mast back slightly, lift only high enough to clear obstacles (6" traveling), never lift people on forks (unless using certified work platform attachment).

Visibility: If load blocks forward view, travel in reverse with spotter. Use headlights in low-light.

Stability: Avoid sudden starts/stops/turns, slow when turning or changing elevation, do not travel with boom extended (telehandlers), keep load low.

Propane Cylinder Change: Change outdoors or in ventilated area, turn off engine, close valve on empty cylinder, secure new cylinder properly, store empty/full separately upright.

Battery Charging (Electric): Charge in designated ventilated area, no smoking/sparks (hydrogen gas), wear PPE (safety glasses, acid-resistant gloves), follow manufacturer procedures.

3.11.9 Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP) Specific Requirements¶

Fall Protection - MANDATORY: Full-body harness with shock-absorbing lanyard required for all MEWPs. Attach to designated anchor point on platform (NOT guardrails). Guardrails alone NOT sufficient. See Section 3.3 for harness requirements.

Scissor Lift: Position on firm, level surface (use outriggers/stabilizers if equipped), do not move with platform elevated (except slow controlled movement on level ground if manufacturer permits), do not overload, do not climb on guardrails or use ladders on platform, do not lean out over guardrails, maintain awareness of overhead clearances.

Boom Lift: Set up on firm, level surface (use outriggers if required), check wind conditions (max per manufacturer, typically 28 mph / 45 km/h), plan movements to avoid pinch points, be aware of boom swing, do not exceed max extension/angle, lower boom before traveling (unless manufacturer permits elevated travel), travel slowly if elevated travel permitted.

Emergency Lowering: All MEWPs have emergency lowering controls at base. Use only when normal controls fail. Operators must be trained. Test during pre-use inspection.

Weather Restrictions: Do not operate in high winds (check limits), no lightning storms, use caution on wet/icy surfaces, indoor-only units stay indoors.

3.11.10 Traffic and Pedestrian Safety¶

Site Management: Designated travel routes (separate from pedestrians when possible), speed limits posted/enforced (typically 5-10 mph / 8-15 km/h), adequate lighting, barriers/cones to separate equipment from pedestrian traffic.

Pedestrian Awareness: Operators continuously scan for pedestrians, pedestrians have right-of-way, use horn when approaching pedestrians/intersections/blind spots, spotter required when backing or visibility limited.

Visibility Enhancements: High-visibility clothing (operators and ground personnel in shared areas), flashing lights/strobes on equipment, backup alarms audible, mirrors adjusted.

3.11.11 Attachments and Modifications¶

Attachments: Use only manufacturer-approved attachments, verify reduced capacity when using attachment, secure per manufacturer instructions, inspect before use (cracks, damage, worn pins).

Modifications: Require manufacturer or engineer approval, unapproved modifications void certification, do not weld/drill/alter structural components without authorization, update capacity plates if modifications affect capacity.

Work Platform Attachments (Forklifts): Use only certified platforms for specific forklift model, secure to forks per instructions, capacity plate specifies max personnel + tools, fall protection required if >3 meters, forklift operator controls (not person on platform), platform must have guardrails all sides and secure gate.

3.11.12 Equipment Maintenance¶

Scheduled Maintenance: Per manufacturer intervals (hours or calendar), documented in logbook. Includes: fluid changes, filter replacements, lubrication, brake inspection/adjustment, hydraulic hose inspection/replacement, tire replacement, load test (MEWPs - annual).

Records: Maintenance logbook for each equipment (date, hours, work performed, parts, technician name), retained for equipment life.

Annual Inspections: Comprehensive inspection by qualified technician. MEWPs: load test and structural inspection annually. Forklifts: hydraulics, brakes, steering, electrical systems. Certification tag/sticker showing inspection date.

3.11.13 Incident Response¶

Equipment Tip-Over: If in cab/platform: stay inside, use seatbelt/harness, do not jump. If thrown clear: do not return to equipment. Shut down if safe (emergency stop), call 911 if injuries, evacuate area (unstable equipment may shift).

Contact with Power Lines: If equipment contacts live power line: Stay in cab/platform (safest - equipment insulated from ground), call 911 and utility, warn others away (10-meter / 30-foot perimeter). Only exit if fire or immediate life threat: jump clear (do not step down), shuffle/hop away. If operator shocked and exited: do not approach until power confirmed off.

3.11.14 Documentation and Records¶

Required: Operator certifications (name, type, date, expiry, provider), pre-use inspection logs, maintenance records, incident reports, load capacity charts.

Retention: Certifications: employment + 2 years. Inspection logs: 2 years. Maintenance: equipment life. Incidents: permanent.

See: Mobile Equipment Procedures (ME-001, ME-002, ME-003) for detailed operating instructions.

3.12 Electrical Safety Program¶

3.12.1 Purpose and Scope¶

This program establishes requirements for working safely with electrical equipment and systems.

Applies to: Work on electrical panels, motor control centers, distribution equipment, installation/maintenance/repair of electrical equipment, portable electrical tools and cords, work near energized equipment.

3.12.2 Regulatory Requirements¶

WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 19 (Electrical Safety)
Canadian Electrical Code (CEC)
CSA Z462 (Workplace Electrical Safety)

3.12.3 Definitions¶

Qualified Electrical Worker: Trained in electrical theory, installation, and safe practices. Able to recognize/avoid hazards. Typically: Licensed electrician (Red Seal, FSR) OR equivalent.

Unqualified Person: No electrical training. May perform limited tasks under direct supervision. May not work on energized equipment or perform installations.

Arc Flash: Explosive energy release during fault/short circuit. Produces intense heat (>19,000°C), blast pressure, molten metal, UV radiation. Can cause severe burns, hearing loss, death.

Shock Hazard: Contact with energized conductors causing current through body. Can cause burns, cardiac arrest, muscle contractions, death.

3.12.4 Roles and Responsibilities¶

Management: Ensure only qualified workers perform electrical work, provide appropriate PPE (arc-rated clothing, insulated tools), ensure equipment maintained, support de-energization for maintenance.

Qualified Electrical Workers: Perform work safely, conduct voltage testing to verify de-energization, use appropriate PPE/tools, recognize arc flash/shock hazards, perform lockout, maintain tools/test equipment.

Supervisors: Verify worker qualifications, ensure hazards identified/controlled, verify lockout followed, avoid energized work whenever possible.

Unqualified Workers (4Core Field Personnel): Do not perform electrical work beyond simple tasks (plug in cord, reset breaker under certain conditions), report hazards, keep minimum approach distance, never remove panels/disconnect covers.

3.12.5 Hierarchy of Electrical Safety¶

Preferred: De-energize before work.

De-energize and lockout - Eliminates shock/arc flash hazards
Work at distance - Maintain safe approach distance
Insulation and barriers - Use insulating blankets, barriers, covers
PPE and arc-rated clothing - Last resort when energized work unavoidable

Energized work ONLY permitted when: - De-energization creates greater hazard - Equipment designed for energized work (infrared scanning, testing) - Troubleshooting requires energized equipment (voltage measurement, diagnostics)

Written justification required for energized work.

3.12.6 Electrical Lockout¶

See Lockout/Isolation Program (Section 3.4) for detailed procedures.

Steps: 1. Identify All Sources: Main power, control power, backup power (UPS, battery, generator), stored energy (capacitors). 2. Open and Lock Disconnects: Open to "OFF," apply lockout device, apply personal lock and tag. 3. Verify Zero Voltage (CRITICAL): Use appropriate voltage tester (rated for circuit, verified functional before/after), test all conductors (phase-to-phase, phase-to-ground), verify meter functioning, assume live until proven otherwise. 4. Install Grounding (If Required): For high-voltage or circuits that may be inadvertently energized. 5. Perform Work: Maintain lockout throughout. 6. Remove Lockout and Restore: Verify work complete, personnel clear, remove tools, reinstall covers/guards, remove grounds, remove locks (only your own), restore power and test.

3.12.7 Minimum Approach Distances¶

Unqualified persons:

Voltage	Minimum Distance
0-750V	1 meter (3 feet)
751V-15kV	3 meters (10 feet)
15kV-50kV	5 meters (16 feet)
>50kV	10 meters (33 feet)

Qualified workers may work closer IF: Using appropriate PPE/tools, energized work justified/documented, arc flash assessment completed.

3.12.8 Arc Flash Hazard Assessment¶

Required for: Equipment ≥120V, work involving opening panels, testing, servicing.

Analysis determines: Incident energy (cal/cm²), arc flash boundary, required PPE.

Arc flash labels: Affixed to equipment, identify hazard level, boundary, required PPE.

4Core Approach: 4Core does not perform arc flash analysis. When working on client equipment: request arc flash information from client. If unavailable: assume high hazard, use qualified electrician, maximize de-energization.

3.12.9 PPE for Electrical Work¶

De-Energized Work (After Lockout): Standard PPE (safety glasses, safety footwear). No special electrical PPE required.

Energized Work - Low Voltage (120-240V): Voltage-rated gloves (Class 00 or 0), leather protector gloves, safety glasses with side shields, arc-rated face shield (if arc flash risk), insulated tools.

Energized Work - Medium Voltage (>240V, up to 1000V): Voltage-rated gloves (Class 0 or 1), leather protectors, arc-rated clothing (rated for incident energy), arc-rated face shield, safety glasses, insulated tools, hearing protection (arc flash >140 dB).

4Core Practice: Energized work avoided whenever possible. Limited energized work (voltage testing, troubleshooting) performed by qualified electrician with appropriate PPE. Field personnel do not perform energized electrical work.

3.12.10 Portable Electrical Tools and Cords¶

Tools must be: CSA/UL approved, double-insulated OR grounded (three-prong plug), intact power cord (no damaged insulation, exposed conductors), inspected before use.

Extension Cords: Heavy-duty type (SJTW, SJEOW - "W" = outdoor rated), proper wire gauge for load/length, three-conductor with grounding (except double-insulated tools), intact insulation/strain reliefs, no splices/tape repairs (replace damaged cords), routed to avoid damage.

GFCI Protection: Required for portable tools outdoors or in wet locations. Test GFCI monthly (push "test" button).

Prohibited: Removing/bypassing ground pin, using damaged cords/tools, daisy-chaining cords, using indoor-rated cords outdoors.

3.12.11 Training Requirements¶

Qualified Electrical Workers: Licensed electrician OR equivalent, CSA Z462 training, arc flash recognition, lockout procedures, voltage testing equipment/insulated tools, first aid including CPR.

Unqualified Workers: Recognition of hazards, minimum approach distances, prohibition on electrical work, how to report hazards, emergency response.

Supervisors: Qualified worker training OR equivalent hazard recognition, verification of qualifications, electrical lockout, energized work justification/permits.

3.12.12 Emergency Response¶

Electrical Shock - Person in Contact: DO NOT TOUCH VICTIM. De-energize immediately (pull disconnect, trip breaker, unplug). If cannot de-energize: use non-conductive object to separate (wooden pole, rope). Once separated: check breathing/pulse, call 911, begin CPR if no breathing/pulse, continue until responders arrive.

Arc Flash: Evacuate immediately, call 911 for injured, provide first aid for burns (cool with water, do not remove stuck clothing), do not re-enter until hazard eliminated.

Electrical Fires: Evacuate, call 911. If small and controllable: use Class C extinguisher. DO NOT USE WATER. De-energize if safe.

3.12.13 Documentation and Records¶

Required: Qualified worker certifications, electrical work permits, equipment inspection records, incident reports, arc flash analysis/labels.

Retention: Certifications: employment + 2 years. Work permits: 2 years. Incidents: permanent.

See: Electrical Safety Procedure (ES-001) for detailed lockout, voltage testing, PPE requirements.

3.13 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Program¶

3.13.1 Purpose and Scope¶

This program establishes requirements for selection, use, maintenance, and training for PPE.

Covers: Head (hard hats), eye/face (safety glasses, goggles, face shields), hand (gloves), foot (safety boots), body (coveralls, FR clothing), high-visibility clothing.

Note: Respiratory, fall, hearing protection covered in dedicated programs (Sections 3.9, 3.3, 3.11).

3.13.2 Regulatory Requirements¶

WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 8 (Personal Protective Equipment)
CSA Standards (Z94 series)
ANSI Standards (Z87.1, Z89.1, etc.)

3.13.3 Roles and Responsibilities¶

Management: Provide PPE at no cost, ensure meets standards (CSA, ANSI), replace worn/damaged PPE, maintain adequate inventory.

Supervisors: Conduct hazard assessments, ensure workers have/use appropriate PPE, inspect for condition, enforce requirements, remove defective PPE.

Workers: Use PPE as required/trained, inspect before use, maintain in clean condition, report damaged/inadequate PPE, store properly.

3.13.4 PPE Hazard Assessment¶

Determined through hazard assessment: Identify hazards (impact, penetration, chemical, heat, electrical), evaluate severity/likelihood, select appropriate PPE, consider task requirements/comfort.

General 4Core Requirements: - Minimum fieldwork: Safety glasses, safety footwear, hard hat (when overhead hazards) - Thermal energy work: Add FR clothing, heat-resistant gloves - Confined space: Add respiratory protection (Section 3.9), harness if fall hazard - Hot work: Add welding helmet, welding gloves, leather apron/sleeves - Chemical handling: Add chemical-resistant gloves, face shield

3.13.5 Head Protection¶

Hard Hats Required: Overhead hazards (falling objects, low clearances, suspended loads), confined space entry, work from MEWPs, head impact risk.

Requirements: CSA Z94.1 Type 1 or 2 (Type 2 = lateral impact protection), Class E (electrical 20,000V) OR Class G (general 2,200V), proper fit (suspension adjusted, level), shell intact (no cracks/dents/gouges), replace after impact or every 5 years (UV degradation).

Prohibited: Stickers/paint on shell (weakens material), modifications (drilling holes), wearing backwards (unless manufacturer permits and suspension reversed), caps/hats under hard hat (interferes with fit).

Inspection: Before use - check shell for cracks/dents/chalking (UV damage), check suspension for tears/worn straps/secure attachment, replace if defects.

3.13.6 Eye and Face Protection¶

Safety Glasses Required: All fieldwork, use of hand/power tools, grinding/cutting/chipping/striking, chemical handling, confined space entry.

Requirements: CSA Z94.3 or ANSI Z87.1 certified (marked), side shields required (wraparound or attachable), prescription glasses must have side shields and meet standard, proper fit.

Goggles: Required for splash hazard (chemicals, coolant, pressurized fluids), grinding/cutting with large particle volume. Provide sealed protection, anti-fog coating/ventilation.

Face Shields: Required IN ADDITION to safety glasses for grinding, chemical handling, chipping/striking. Full face coverage (chin to forehead, ear-to-ear), polycarbonate/impact-resistant material. Always wear safety glasses under face shield.

Welding Helmets: Required for all welding/cutting/brazing. Auto-darkening OR fixed shade (appropriate to process): Arc welding: Shade 10-14 (typically 10 MIG, 11-12 stick, 12-14 TIG), Gas welding/cutting: Shade 4-8. Full face/neck coverage, inspect lens for cracks/scratches, test auto-darkening before use.

3.13.7 Hand Protection¶

Gloves Required: When hand hazards exist (cuts, abrasions, punctures, heat, chemicals, cold). Specific type based on hazard.

Types: - General Purpose: Leather/synthetic for material handling, tool use (abrasions, cuts, splinters) - Heat-Resistant: Handling hot objects, near heat sources, rated for temperature (150-500°F / 65-260°C), welding gloves: leather gauntlet - Chemical-Resistant: Handling chemicals, material compatible with chemical (nitrile, neoprene, PVC, butyl - see SDS), check for permeation/degradation, replace after exposure or per manufacturer - Electrical-Insulating: Energized electrical work (Section 3.12), voltage-rated (Class 00, 0, 1, 2), rubber with leather protectors, tested periodically - Cut-Resistant: ANSI cut level (A1-A9, higher = better), sharp objects/sheet metal/glass, not puncture-proof

Inspection: Before use - check for cuts/tears/holes/chemical damage/heat damage. Chemical gloves: fill with water and squeeze to check leaks. Replace if defects.

When NOT to Wear: Operating rotating equipment (drill press, lathe, grinder - gloves can catch), when dexterity required and glove increases risk.

3.13.8 Foot Protection¶

Safety Footwear Required: All fieldwork (no exceptions). Grade 1 toe protection (CSA Z195 - green triangle label), sole puncture protection preferred (orange rectangular label).

Requirements: Steel/composite toe (impact/compression protection), sole puncture protection (nails, sharp objects), slip-resistant sole (oil/chemical resistant), electrical hazard protection (EH rating) preferred, ankle support (boots preferred over shoes).

Specialized: Rubber boots (wet environments, chemical exposure), insulated boots (cold weather, rated for temperature), metatarsal guards (heavy material handling, foot impact).

Maintenance: Keep clean/in good repair, replace when soles worn/stitching failed/structural damage, dry thoroughly if wet.

3.13.9 Body Protection¶

Fire-Resistant (FR) Clothing: Required for hot work, thermal oil systems, confined space with fire/explosion hazard. Self-extinguishing fabric, arc-rated for electrical work (Section 3.12), FR coveralls or FR shirt/pants, launder per manufacturer (improper washing reduces FR properties).

Chemical-Resistant: Tyvek suits, chemical splash suits, aprons when chemical splash/contamination hazard. Material compatible with chemical (check SDS), disposable: single-use, reusable: decontaminate/inspect after use.

High-Visibility: Required in areas with vehicle/equipment traffic. Class 2 or 3 vest/shirt (fluorescent with reflective stripes), meets CSA Z96 or ANSI/ISEA 107, clean/good condition (dirty/faded loses visibility).

Cold Weather: Insulated coveralls/jackets/pants for outdoor winter, layered system (Section 3.10), wind/moisture resistant outer layer.

3.13.10 PPE Limitations¶

PPE does not eliminate hazards - only reduces exposure.

Limitations: Can fail (damaged, worn, improperly fitted), requires correct selection (wrong PPE = false security), requires proper use (must be worn correctly), can create new hazards (reduced visibility, mobility, heat stress, comfort), last line of defense (engineering/administrative controls preferred).

Engineering controls eliminate hazards and are always preferred over PPE.

3.13.11 PPE Training¶

All workers must receive training on: Hazards requiring PPE, what PPE required for their work, how to properly use (donning, adjusting, removing), limitations, inspection/maintenance, when to replace, proper storage.

Frequency: Initial before use, task-specific when new PPE type introduced, refresher if improper use observed.

3.13.12 Documentation and Records¶

Required: PPE hazard assessments (by task/work area), training records (name, date, PPE covered), PPE issuance log, inspection records (supervisor inspections).

Retention: Assessments: permanent (update as hazards change). Training: employment + 2 years. Issuance: employment duration.

See: PPE Procedure (PP-001) for detailed selection and inspection guidelines.

3.14 Ladders and Scaffolding¶

3.14.1 Purpose and Scope¶

This program establishes requirements for safe selection, use, inspection, and maintenance of ladders and scaffolding.

Applies to: Portable ladders (step ladders, extension ladders, specialty), fixed ladders, scaffolding (frame, tube/clamp, system).

3.14.2 Regulatory Requirements¶

WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 11 (Fall Protection)
WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 12 (Scaffolds)
CSA Z11 series (Portable Ladders)
CSA S269.2 (Scaffolds)

3.14.3 Ladder Selection and Ratings¶

Types: Step Ladder (self-supporting A-frame), Extension Ladder (leaning with extending sections), Platform Ladder (step with platform), Specialty (articulating, podium, multipurpose).

Duty Ratings: Type IA: 300 lbs, Type I: 250 lbs, Type II: 225 lbs, Type III: 200 lbs (not acceptable for 4Core).

4Core Standard: Type I (250 lbs) minimum.

Materials: Fiberglass (non-conductive, suitable electrical work, heavier), Aluminum (lightweight, CONDUCTIVE - not near electrical), Wood (rarely used, can crack/splinter).

4Core Preference: Fiberglass for versatility.

3.14.4 Ladder Inspection and Maintenance¶

Before Each Use: Rungs/steps (no cracks/bends/loose/wear), rails (no cracks/bends/splits/corrosion), feet (non-slip intact, not worn), spreaders/locks (functional, secure, no damage), extension mechanism (smooth, locks engage, ropes/cables intact), labels (duty rating present/legible).

Periodic: Monthly by supervisor, document (tag or logbook), remove defective ("DO NOT USE" tag).

Maintenance: Clean regularly, store in dry location, do not paint (hides defects), repair or replace (no improvised repairs).

3.14.5 Safe Ladder Use¶

Extension Ladders: Set on firm, level surface (use leveler if uneven), proper angle: 4:1 ratio (1 foot out per 4 feet up), extend 1 meter (3 feet) above landing, secure at top OR have person foot at bottom, open fully and engage locks.

Step Ladders: Set on firm, level surface, fully open and lock spreaders, never use as straight ladder, do not stand on top two steps, do not overreach (move ladder).

Climbing/Working: Three-point contact (two hands + one foot OR two feet + one hand) at all times, face ladder, do not carry tools (use tool belt or hoist), do not overreach (belt buckle inside rails), do not stand on top rung/cap, one person unless rated for multiple, do not use in high wind/rain/ice.

Hazards: Overhead power lines (maintain clearances - Section 3.12), doorways/traffic (barricade or post spotter), slippery surfaces (secure base, clean rungs), height (ladders for access, not work platforms - use scaffold/MEWP for extended work).

3.14.6 Scaffolding¶

4Core typically uses client-provided or rented scaffolding.

Competent Person: Assembly/disassembly/inspection by competent person. Trained in scaffold erection, load capacity, stability, fall protection. Manufacturer training preferred.

Components: Frame (uprights, cross braces, platforms), guardrails (top rail, mid-rail, toe board) on all open sides, access (built-in ladder/stair tower), base plates/mud sills, ties to structure (prevent tipping).

Inspection: Before each use by competent person, after weather events, after modifications/repairs, document (tag on scaffold).

Use: Do not exceed load capacity (check tag), do not remove guardrails/components, use access ladder/stairs (do not climb frame), fall protection if guardrails not present, do not work in high wind (check limits).

4Core Practice: Use pre-engineered system scaffolds, rental scaffolds inspected by supplier before delivery, 4Core competent person verifies safe before use, when in doubt consult supplier/manufacturer.

3.14.7 Fall Protection¶

Ladders: Fall protection not typically required up to 6 meters if ladder secured, three-point contact maintained, good condition. For extended work or >6 meters: consider scaffold/MEWP instead. If ladder necessary: harness tied off.

Scaffolding: Guardrails required on all open sides (>2.4 meters / 8 feet high). If guardrails not present or removed: fall protection required (harness, lanyard, anchor). See Section 3.3.

3.14.8 Training Requirements¶

Ladder Users: Selection (type, duty rating, material), inspection (pre-use, periodic), safe setup (angle, securing, extension height), safe climbing/working (three-point contact, overreach), when ladders inappropriate.

Scaffold Erectors: Competent person training (scaffold-specific), manufacturer training (system scaffolds), fall protection training.

Frequency: Initial before use, refresher if unsafe practices, scaffold competent person per manufacturer (typically every 2-3 years).

3.14.9 Documentation and Records¶

Required: Ladder inspection records (periodic by supervisor), scaffold inspection records (pre-use by competent person), scaffold erection plans (complex/tall), training records.

Retention: Ladder inspections: 2 years. Scaffold inspections: 2 years. Training: employment + 2 years.

See: Ladder and Scaffolding Procedure (LS-001) for detailed setup and inspection guidelines.

3.15 Excavations and Trenching¶

3.15.1 Purpose and Scope¶

While excavation is not primary 4Core work, this program establishes requirements for safe work in or near excavations.

Applies to: Work in trenches/excavations (underground utilities, buried tanks), work adjacent to excavations (fall-in hazard), excavation for equipment foundations/access pits.

3.15.2 Regulatory Requirements¶

WorkSafe BC OHS Regulation, Part 20.40-20.135 (Excavation and Tunneling)

Note: Excavations ≥1.2 meters (4 feet) deep are confined spaces (see Section 3.1).

3.15.3 Excavation Hazards¶

Cave-In (Primary): Soil collapse due to unstable walls, water, vibration, surcharge loads. Can occur suddenly without warning. Victims buried in seconds (suffocation). Weight makes rescue extremely difficult.

Other: Fall into excavation, underground utilities (gas, electric, water, sewer, telecom), oxygen-deficient atmosphere (confined space if ≥1.2m), toxic gases (methane, H₂S from decomposing organic material), water accumulation (flooding, drowning), unstable adjacent structures.

3.15.4 Competent Person¶

All excavation requires competent person.

Competent Person: Trained in soil classification, excavation hazards/protective systems, WorkSafe BC regulations, utility location, able to recognize unsafe conditions and take corrective action.

Responsibilities: Classify soil type, design/select protective system (shoring, sloping, shielding), inspect daily and after weather, verify utilities located before excavation, ensure workers trained, stop work if unsafe.

4Core Practice: 4Core does not typically perform excavation. When required: engage qualified contractor. 4Core workers enter only after contractor verifies safety (protective system installed, atmosphere tested).

3.15.5 Utility Location¶

Before ANY Excavation:

Step 1: Contact BC One Call - 1-800-474-6886 or www.bconecall.ca. Wait minimum 3 business days before excavating.

Step 2: Verify Utility Markings - Color codes: Electric (red), gas (yellow), telecom (orange), water (blue), sewer (green).

Step 3: Hand Dig to Verify - Within 1 meter (3 feet) of marked utility: hand dig to expose. Do not use powered equipment near utilities. Mark exact location, maintain clearance.

Failure to locate: Can result in utility strike (gas leak, electrocution, service disruption), legal penalties/liability, worker injury/death.

3.15.6 Protective Systems¶

Excavations ≥1.2 meters (4 feet) require protective system.

Options: 1. Sloping: Cut walls at angle. Slope depends on soil: Type A (stable): 3/4:1 (53°), Type B: 1:1 (45°), Type C (unstable): 1½:1 (34°). Requires large work area. 2. Shoring: Timber/hydraulic/pneumatic supports prevent wall collapse. Designed by engineer or competent person. Allows vertical walls (smaller footprint). 3. Shielding (Trench Box): Portable box protects workers inside. Does not prevent cave-in but protects if collapse occurs. Must be rated for depth/soil. Workers stay inside. 4. Combination: Sloping upper, shoring/shielding lower.

4Core Practice: Contractor installs protective system. 4Core workers enter only when verified. Do not enter unprotected excavations ≥1.2 meters.

3.15.7 Inspection and Atmospheric Testing¶

Daily Inspection by Competent Person: Protective system intact, no cracks/movement in walls, no water accumulation, no undermining of structures, access/egress available (ladder within 7.5 meters / 25 feet).

Atmospheric Testing (≥1.2 meters): Test for oxygen, flammable gas, toxic gases before entry. Continuous monitoring if potential for hazardous atmosphere. See Section 3.1.

After Weather: Re-inspect after rain/snow/freeze-thaw, verify no water/saturation, check protective system integrity.

3.15.8 Safe Work Practices¶

Access/Egress: Ladder/ramp/stairway required for ≥1.2 meters. Ladder within 7.5 meters of workers, extends 1 meter above edge.

Spoil Pile/Materials: Place spoil minimum 1 meter from edge (prevents surcharge), do not place equipment/materials near edge, keep heavy equipment away (vibration can trigger collapse).

Barriers/Signage: Barricade to prevent fall-in, post warning signs, at night: adequate lighting and reflective barriers.

No Entry Without Protection: Workers do not enter ≥1.2 meters without protective system. Exception: competent person may enter briefly for inspection IF soil stable and inspection cannot be done from outside.

3.15.9 Emergency Response¶

Cave-In (Worker Buried): Call 911 immediately. DO NOT enter to rescue (risk of secondary collapse). Evacuate others, secure area, await rescue personnel (fire department with shoring).

Utility Strike: Gas: evacuate, call 911 and utility, no ignition sources. Electrical: do not touch equipment/victim, call 911 and utility, 10-meter perimeter. Water/Sewer: stop work, call utility, contain spill if safe.

3.15.10 Training and Documentation¶

Competent Person: WorkSafe BC excavation safety, soil classification, protective system selection/design, utility location, atmospheric testing.

Workers Entering: Excavation hazards/protective systems, access/egress, emergency procedures, confined space entry (if ≥1.2 meters).

Workers Near Excavations: Fall-in hazards, maintaining barriers/clearances, utility strike recognition/response.

Records: BC One Call ticket, excavation plan, soil classification, daily inspection records, atmospheric testing records, training records.

Retention: Excavation records: 2 years after backfilling. Training: employment + 2 years.

See: Excavation Procedure (EX-001) for detailed requirements.

3.16 Preventive Maintenance Program¶

3.16.1 Purpose and Scope¶

This program ensures equipment remains in safe, reliable operating condition.

Applies to: Hand tools, power tools, welding equipment, gas detection equipment, mobile equipment (see Section 3.11), fall protection (see Section 3.3), respiratory protection (see Section 3.9), vehicles, test/measurement equipment.

3.16.2 Objectives¶

Ensures: Equipment operates safely (guards, safety devices functional), performs reliably (reduces breakdowns), life extended (reduces replacement costs), worker safety (reduces equipment-related incidents), compliance (maintenance documented).

3.16.3 Maintenance Responsibilities¶

Management: Allocate budget/time, ensure schedules established/followed, replace equipment when beyond economical repair.

Safety Officer: Develop/maintain schedules, track due dates, coordinate calibration (gas monitors, test equipment), maintain records.

Supervisors: Ensure pre-use inspections completed, remove defective equipment, schedule maintenance, verify completed before returning to service.

Workers: Perform pre-use inspections, report defects immediately, perform operator-level maintenance (cleaning, lubrication, minor adjustments), do not use defective equipment.

Maintenance Personnel: Perform scheduled maintenance per manufacturer, document work, identify equipment requiring repair/replacement, restore to safe condition.

3.16.4 Equipment Maintenance Schedules¶

Equipment	Pre-Use	Scheduled Maintenance	Special Requirements
Hand/Power Tools	Daily by operator (cords, guards, function)	Annually or per manufacturer	Cleaning after use, lubrication as needed
Welding Equipment	Daily (cables, connections, leaks)	Annually (internal cleaning, contacts, calibration)	Flashback arrestors: replace per manufacturer (typically 5 years or after activation)
Gas Monitors	Bump test DAILY	Calibration: Monthly	Sensor replacement: typically 2-3 years or when calibration fails. Calibration log/certificate maintained
Mobile Equipment	Daily	Per manufacturer (hours or calendar)	Annual inspection by qualified technician. See Section 3.11
Fall Protection	Before each use	Annual by competent person (documented)	Retire: after fall arrest, if damaged, or per manufacturer (typically 10 years from manufacture). See Section 3.3
Respiratory	Before each use	After each use (cleaning for reusable)	Storage: clean, dry, sealed. Cartridge replacement per schedule. See Section 3.9
Vehicles	Pre-trip	Per manufacturer (5,000-10,000 km)	Annual safety inspection per provincial requirements
Test Equipment	Before use	Calibration: per manufacturer or annually	Verification: test against known standard. Calibration certificate maintained

3.16.5 Pre-Use Inspections¶

All equipment inspected before each use by operator.

Elements: Physical damage (cracks, dents, corrosion, wear), guards/safety devices present/functional, power cords/hoses intact (no cuts, exposed conductors), controls operate properly, unusual noises/vibrations/smells, adequate fuel/battery/consumables.

Document: Equipment logbook OR checklist, note defects, sign and date.

Defects Found: Tag "OUT OF SERVICE," remove from area or disable, report to supervisor, do not use until repaired/inspected.

3.16.6 Defect Reporting and Tracking¶

Process: 1. Worker discovers defect, tags "OUT OF SERVICE," removes from service 2. Worker reports to supervisor (verbal and written - defect report form) 3. Supervisor evaluates (repair or replace?) 4. Supervisor schedules repair/replacement 5. Equipment repaired by qualified person or service center 6. Post-repair inspection confirms safe 7. "OUT OF SERVICE" tag removed, returned to inventory

Tracking: Safety Officer maintains log of defects/repairs, tracks recurring problems (indicates replacement needed), ensures timely repair.

3.16.7 Equipment Retirement and Disposal¶

Retired when: Damaged beyond economical repair, obsolete (parts unavailable, outdated), excessive wear (frequent breakdowns), safety concerns (cannot restore to safe condition), manufacturer recommends retirement.

Process: Equipment physically destroyed or marked to prevent reuse (cut cords, remove critical components, spray paint "SCRAP"), documentation: removed from inventory, disposal documented, disposal per environmental regulations (electronics recycling, hazardous waste).

3.16.8 Documentation and Records¶

Required: Equipment inventory (serial numbers, purchase dates), maintenance schedules (due dates), maintenance logs (date, work, parts, technician), calibration certificates (gas monitors, test equipment), pre-use inspection records (logbooks/checklists), defect reports, disposal records.

Retention: Equipment records: equipment life + 2 years. Calibration: 2 years. Defect/repair: 2 years.

See: Preventive Maintenance Procedure (PM-001) for detailed schedules and inspection checklists.

End of Chapter 3, Part 3¶

Summary - Part 3 Covered:

3.11 Mobile Equipment (Forklifts, telehandlers, scissor lifts, boom lifts) 3.12 Electrical Safety (Lockout, voltage testing, arc flash, PPE) 3.13 Personal Protective Equipment (Head, eye, hand, foot, body protection) 3.14 Ladders and Scaffolding (Selection, inspection, safe use, fall protection) 3.15 Excavations and Trenching (Cave-in prevention, utility location, protective systems) 3.16 Preventive Maintenance (All equipment types, schedules, inspection, retirement)

Document Control

Field	Value
Version	0.9-DRAFT
Effective Date	December 2025
Next Review	December 2026
Approved By	[All 4 Owners]
Safety Officer	Rodney Peters

Company Information: - Business Name: 4Core Energy & Maintenance Ltd. - Address: [To Be Added] - Industry: Energy and mechanical system maintenance, retrofits and troubleshooting - WorkSafe BC Account: [Account Number]